Multiple Sclerosis (MS - a chronic illness that disrupts the flow of information within the central nervous system and one's body) affects over 2.8 million people globally.2
While MS can emerge at any age bracket, diagnoses usually occur in individuals aged 20 to 40 years old.1
Symptoms range from mild tingling sensations to severe mobility issues with unpredictable outcomes, creating daily challenges faced by those living with this condition.
Incidentally, women are three times more likely than men to show signs of MS, potentially indicating hormonal influences on its development. We’ve complied a list of the latest statistics about MS, the field's developments, and the latest projections for more insights on the condition.
Prevalence and Demographics of Multiple Sclerosis
In the U.S. alone, almost 1 million individuals suffer from this condition, which highlights its significant impact on public health. While MS can affect anyone regardless of age early onset usually affects those aged between 20 and 40, compromising an individual's quality of life during their prime working years.
- Every week, about 200 new MS cases are diagnosed in the U.S.2
- The multiple sclerosis market was worth $25.32 billion in 2021. It is projected to reach $33.98 billion by 2029, with a CAGR of 3.75% between 2021 and 2029.5
- The MS treatment market in the Middle East isprojected to reach $4.5 billion by 2028, up from $2.3 billion in 2017.6
- The MS therapeutics market will expand from $31.03 billion in 2024 to an estimated $37.52 billion by 2029, with a projected CAGR of 3.87%.7
- The National Multiple Sclerosis Society U.K. Report, released in May 2022, reveals that more than 130,000 people with MS live across the U.K.16
- Approximately 7,000 individuals receive a diagnosis of MS within the country's borders each year.16
- According to the National MS Society, approximately 5,000 children and teenagers in the U.S.2
- Around 10,000 globally are currently diagnosed with MS.2
| Disease | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|
| Alzheimer's Disease | 28% |
| Parkinson's Diease | 24% |
| Stroke | 31% |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 25% |
- The occurrence of MS in Australia has risen from 103.7 per 100,000 individuals in 2017 to 131.1 per 100,000 in 2021. The likely reason for this upsurge is linked to modifications concerning exposure levels toward established risk factors associated with MS development in humans.9
- There are over 33,300 individuals in Australia who have multiple sclerosis.9
- Every day, MS is diagnosed in one to two Australians.9
- Women comprise 75% of the total Australians diagnosed with MS.9
- It is estimated that in 2021, MS caused a cost of $2.449 billion to the Australian community.9
- The mean expense for MS per individual was $73,457 in the year 2021.9
- Compared to 2010, when lost wages comprised nearly half of the economic burden associated with MS, their contribution has now decreased to 29% among all categories.9
In Inuit communities residing in the northernmost regions, also known as Eskimos, MS is remarkably infrequent. The frequency of MS remains lower in Asia. People of Northern European or Scandinavian origin are more prone to it than individuals of African descent, who have a lesser propensity for developing MS among Caucasians.
According to Dr. Tomas Kalincik, an expert from the University of Melbourne, MS is influenced by reduced exposure to sunlight, contributing significantly to its risk and severity.
“This can lead to decreased vitamin D production, which controls the immune system's functions. ”
Furthermore, individuals residing in such regions tend to be indoors for extended periods, increasing their vulnerability to viral infections like Epstein-Barr, which are linked with MS.
As per Dr Kalincik’s research findings, environmental factors besides genetic makeup or dietary habits accentuate greater prevalence coupled with a heightened intensity of MS occurrences amongst higher latitudes populations.
- With more than 90,000 individuals in Canada affected by MS at a rate of one person per every 400 residents, the country maintains its position among the nations with the highest incidence rates for this condition.10
- Every day, around 12 individuals are diagnosed with MS - a total of 4,377 people per year.10
- The diagnosis is typically made at the age of 43 years on average.10
Professor Mai Sharawy, a renowned neuro-ophthalmologist, highlights that MS necessitates considering genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. She advocates for policy changes to facilitate initial detection and treatment availability, particularly among low and middle-income countries, to guarantee optimal results globally for persons suffering from MS.
Multiple Sclerosis Progression and Impact Statistics
Individuals with MS have a life expectancy that is only slightly lower - around 5% less - than that of an average healthy adult.
15 years after being diagnosed with MS, roughly 50% of affected individuals will retain the ability to walk independently, while others may require assistive tools like wheelchairs.
It generally takes about 33 years for people living with MS to reach a significant disability stage that limits them from bed confinement and beyond.11
These statistics highlight how steadily MS impacts the livelihoods of individuals and progresses over the years once diagnosed.
- While MS is not inherited directly, individuals can inherit a genetic susceptibility to the disorder.3
- Children of individuals with MS have a significantly higher likelihood of acquiring the condition, up to 10-20 times greater than the general population. If MS afflicts one identical twin, there is a 25% possibility that the other twin will also be affected.2
- People with MS who experience severe disability have a quality of life that is 41% lower than those with MS but without disabilities.9
Despite ongoing research, the root cause of MS remains a mystery. Myelin damage to nerve fibers and neurons in the brain and spinal cord within the central nervous system is the ultimate cause. Still, a comprehensive understanding of the condition must be completed, including the potential influencers of genetic predisposition and environmental factors.2
Occurrence of Multiple Sclerosis
Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
It can be rephrased as a medical condition characterized by a single neurological episode. Although CIS is recognized as a component of MS, its progression to an actual degree program may only sometimes occur.
Lesions on the brain that can be identified through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicate a high risk for developing MS. The National MS Society reports that individuals with such lesions have a 60-80% likelihood of being diagnosed with MS within a few years.
On the other hand, individuals who do not exhibit MRI-detected brain lesions are at low risk. However, they still face a 20% likelihood of being diagnosed with MS within an equivalent timeframe.2
MS with relapsing and remitting periods (RRMS)
RRMS is distinguished by evident relapses, which exhibit heightened disease activity and deteriorating symptoms. Consequently, there are intervals of remission where the ailment doesn't advance. During remission, symptoms can improve or disappear. As per the National MS Society, around 85% of individuals are initially diagnosed with RRMS.2
SPMS, an abbreviation for Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Following an initial diagnosis of RRMS, SPMS may manifest. Disability can worsen gradually over time regardless of relapse occurrence or MRI scan variations. Furthermore, intermittent periods of stability and occasional relapses may arise.
If left untreated, approximately half of individuals diagnosed with RRMS will develop SPMS within ten years. Within 25 years, this proportion increases to about 90%.2
PPMS refers to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.
Approximately 15% of individuals with MS are diagnosed with PPMS, which entails a continuous advancement of the illness without discernible relapses or remissions. The incidence of PPMS is evenly distributed between genders.2
While the course of MS differs among people, there are typical patterns like relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive. As time passes, MS can cause substantial physical and cognitive impairments that impact one's ability to move freely or control bladder/bowel movements while hindering memory retention or problem-solving skills.
“ MS can strip patients of their basic abilities like vision, sensation, motor strength, or even independent speech and breathing. ”
Neurologist Dr. Stephen Hauser reveals that MS can strip patients of their basic abilities like vision, sensation, motor strength, or even independent speech and breathing.
His discoveries about B-cells' role in MS pathology led to a breakthrough that resulted in potential treatments targeting these cells, slowing down disease progression significantly.
Multiple Sclerosis Risk Factors Statistics
Over the last two decades, there has been significant progress in MS treatment. High-income countries offer a wide range of oral, intravenous, and injectable medications to combat this condition.
Unfortunately, low- and middle-income nations don't have access to most of these treatments; furthermore, progressive forms remain undertreated with limited therapeutic choices available for them.
The Intersectoral global action plan for epilepsy and other neurological disorders 2022–2031 received endorsement from the World Health Assembly in May 2022.
Its purpose is to confront worldwide challenges and gaps associated with treating individuals who suffer from conditions such as MS, ensuring a comprehensive response by coordinating efforts across sectors.12
- Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of MS. Smoking women have a 1.6-fold higher likelihood of developing MS compared to non-smoking females. Moreover, those with MS who smoke are at a substantially elevated risk for accelerated disease progression.4
- Developing MS may be associated with parasites as a potential risk factor. Studies have indicated parasites can influence the immune system, reducing responsiveness. Those who harbor these organisms are less susceptible to being diagnosed with MS. At the same time, regions with a decreasing prevalence of parasites show increased diagnosis rates for this condition worldwide.4
- The estimated overall expense for MS in the U.S. was a staggering $85.4 billion in 2019, with direct medical and indirect non-medical expenses amounting to $63 billion and $22 billion, respectively.8
- Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), including prescription drugs, constitute the highest proportion of these expenses, generating an estimated $38 billion annually. The cost per individual for MS medication spans from $57,000 to $93,000 on an annual basis.8
- Indirect costs refer to expenses that cannot be directly attributed, such as reduced work performance efficiency, nonattendance, and premature retirement caused by illness. The approximate amount of these charges was $21 billion in 2019.8
- Non-medical costs attributed to $742 million unrelated to medical care, such as home modifications, transportation, and paid caregiving.8
The occurrence of MS remissions and relapses can be influenced by pregnancy. Certain women may experience a reduction or alleviation in symptoms while pregnant. Still, there is a possibility for an aggravation after childbirth - termed postpartum relapse, which has been seen among MS researchers and patients.
According to Dr. Peter Calabresi, Ph.D. , director of the Johns Hopkins Multiple Sclerosis Center, women who have recently been diagnosed should contemplate taking part in clinical trials that focus on developing novel treatments and improving symptom control while pregnant.
“Women who have MS can bear healthy babies, but they should consult their doctor to discuss any concerns and risks carefully. After delivery, new mothers are urged to prioritize maintaining a healthy weight for their children's physical activity levels to reduce the likelihood of developing MS. ”
This is especially informative due to the factors that trigger and affect individuals, particularly women.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What’s the cause of Multiple Sclerosis?
The immune system of individuals diagnosed with MS turns against the protective myelin sheath surrounding their nerves instead of performing its usual function to combat diseases. The outcome is a gradual degradation in nerve functionality that affects communication between the spinal cord and brain, and bodily functions gradually diminish.13
How Do You Cure Multiple Sclerosis?
At present, no remedy can permanently end or reverse nerve damage caused by MS. However, available treatments have proven effective in minimizing future harm and often slowing the disease's advancement. Additionally, symptom management promotes better functioning and enhances one's quality of life.14
Is an MRI Necessary?
MRI scans are instrumental in determining the impact of MS on distinct neurological regions and detecting any ongoing inflammation. They aid in diagnosing MS and evaluating treatment efficacy.14
Is it possible for MS to Worsen Due to Exercise and Physical Activity?
No. Maintaining a consistent exercise routine and engaging in physical activity is crucial for individuals with MS to sustain their wellness and abilities. In the event of overheating during exercise, symptom exacerbation may transpire but can be regulated by implementing cooling tactics.14
What are Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms?
The initial indications and manifestations of MS comprise:
- Your eyesight may be affected by optic neuritis, double vision, or loss of vision.
- Muscular weakness typically impacts one side of your face or body or below your waist.
- Abnormal sensations or numbness are typically experienced on one side of the face or body and below the waist.
Symptoms commonly seen in MS are:
- Tiredness
- Lack of coordination
- Feeling lightheaded or spinning sensation
- Bladder regulation problems
- Impaired balance and coordination
- Challenges in cognitive functioning include, but are not limited to, thinking ability, memory retention, concentration levels, acquisition of new knowledge, and sound judgment.
- Mood changes
- Muscle rigidity and muscular convulsions (twitching).
The severity of these symptoms may differ from one person to another and can also vary day by day. While you might encounter some listed signs, experiencing them all at once is improbable.15
Sources
- Mayo Clinic
- Healthline
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
- Multiple Sclerosis Association of America (MSAA)
- Data Bridge Market Research
- Statista
- Mordor Intelligence
- Neurology Live
- MS Australia
- MS Canada
- Web MD
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- Yale Medicine
- UCLA Health
- Cleveland Clinic
- MS Society
